Many intellectual youths from China joined the Communist Party of Burma, and these forces also absorbed many local guerrillas. East of the Salween river, indigenous tribal guerrilla groups exercised control with the support of the Communist Party of Burma.ĭuring the 1960s, the Communist Party of Burma lost its base of operations within central Burma, and with the assistance of the Chinese communists, expanded within the border regions in the northeast. Under pressure from the United Nations, the counterattack was cancelled and the army was recalled to northern Thailand and later back to Taiwan however, some troops decided to remain within Burma. Within the mountain region Kuomintang forces of the Eighth Army 237 division and 26th Army 93 division held their position for two decades in preparation for a counterattack towards mainland China. įrom the late 1940s, during the Chinese Civil War, remnants of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army retreated to territory within Burma as the communists took over mainland China. British rule in Burma did not administer the Wa States and the border with China was left undefined. During the Qing dynasty, the region became separated from the tribal military control of the Dai people. History įor a long time, headman tribes were dispersed around the Wa mountainous area, with no unified governance. The Chinese exodus has had a negative impact on the Wa economy. In 2021, the Chinese government ordered them to return to their homeland to combat online fraud allegedly committed by many of them. There used to be up to 100,000 Chinese nationals residing in Wa State, many of them engaging in business. An example for this is a campaign against churches built after 1992 in September 2018. The most-practiced religion, outnumbering Islam, Buddhism and Folk religions, is Christianity, even though there are frequent crackdowns on it conducted by the atheist government.
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It is easy for citizens to enter them if they avoid the official border crossings. Most people do not have Chinese or Myanmar ID cards, but Wa State ID cards are often recognised in those countries. The state is governed by a network of Maoist insurgents, traditional leaders such as headmen, businessmen, and traders, without democratic elections or a guarantee to the rule of law. Labour camps exist in Wa State and relatives of those who are imprisoned or conscripted are often taken hostage by the state. After being sentenced to death, prisoners are sent directly to the execution ground. However, there are still struggle sessions ( 公判大会), which have been abolished in China. The legal system in Wa State is based on the civil law system, with reference to the laws of China. China Mobile has cellular coverage over some parts of Wa State. Commodities within Wa State are brought over from China, and the renminbi is commonly used for exchanges. Television broadcasts within Wa State are broadcast in both Mandarin and Wa. Southwest Mandarin and Wa are widely spoken by the population, with the language of education being Standard Chinese.
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The working language of the Wa State government is Mandarin Chinese. Whilst Wa State is highly autonomous from the control of the central government in Naypyidaw, their relationship is based on peaceful coexistence and Wa State recognises the sovereignty of the central government over all of Myanmar. The Wa State government emulates many political features of the government of the People's Republic of China, having a central committee and a central party known as the United Wa State Party.
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The political leaders of Wa State are mostly ethnic Wa people. The total area of the region controlled by Wa State is 17,000 km 2 (6,600 sq mi). Wa State is divided into northern and southern regions which are separated from one another, with the 13,000 km 2 (5,000 sq mi) southern region bordering Thailand and consisting of 200,000 people. 3.2.1 Treatment of original inhabitants.